PHARMACEUTICAL CARE SERVICE IN INDONESIA: AN ASTHMA CARE
Abstrak
Objective: This research aims to self-assess pharmaceutical care service in asthma disease among the Indonesia pharmacists.
Methods: An invitation letter was sent to 103 targeted pharmacists who work at hospitals, primary health center, and community pharmacy in Yogyakarta Province Indonesia. Data were gathered using a self-assessment questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured based on the national guideline of asthma from the Indonesia Ministry of Health. It contained 27 questions. Participants were asked to self-assess their activities on asthma services using scores: 0 for no activity, 2 for seldom, 4 for often, 6 for always. Data were analyzed descriptively.
Key findings: Response rate was 92.2% (95 participants of 103 invitations). Five data were excluded; thus, 90 data sets were analyzed. There were 64% community pharmacists, 19% hospital pharmacists, and 17% primary health care pharmacists. The highest to the lowest scores of the services are as follows: prescription assessment (score mean: 3.3); providing information on asthma medicines (3.0); equipping with adequate communication skill and asthma knowledge (2.7); therapy monitoring (2.3); delivering education on asthma disease (2.2); self-quality assurance (1.7). “The top five of activities” among 27 self-assessed items are: giving advice for patient’s complaint, providing information on the use of asthma medicines, checking legality and legibility of prescriptions, practicing good communication skill, and considering patients’ socio-economic background to communicate with patients.
Conclusions: Performance of pharmaceutical care service to asthma patients in this study is still limited. Self-assessment could be developed as a platform of quality assurance activity of pharmaceutical care practice.
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2. Mossialos E, Courtin E, Naci H, Benrimoj S, Bouvy M, Farris K, et al. From “retailers” to health care providers: Transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management. Health Policy (New York). 2015;119(5):628–39.
3. Hughes CM, Hawwa AF, Scullin C, Anderson C, Bernsten CB, Björnsdóttir I, et al. Provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists: A comparison across Europe. Pharm World Sci. 2010;32(4):472–87.
4. Buss VH, Shield A, Kosari S, Naunton M. The impact of clinical services provided by community pharmacies on the Australian healthcare system: A review of the literature. J Pharm Policy Pract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice; 2018;11(1):1–10.
5. Azhar S, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MIM, Ahmad M, Masood I, Shafie AA. The role of pharmacists in developing countries: the current scenario in Pakistan. Hum Resour Health. 2009;7(1):54.
6. Rayes IK. The role of pharmacists in developing countries : The current scenario in the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(5):470–4.
7. Prayitno A. The Development of Clinical Pharmacy in Indonesia: Past, Present and Future. In: Asean Pharmnet 1. 2015.
8. Hassali MAA, Shafie AA, See OG, Wong ZY. Pharmacy Practice in Malaysia. In: Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges. 2016. p. 23–40.
9. Indonesia Ministry of Health. Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasan di Apotek. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2016.
10. Mutiara R. Involvement of Australian Hospital Pharmacists in Developing Clinical Pharmacy in Indonesia. J Pharm Pract Res. 2003;33(3):220–1.
11. Lander R, Trisna Y, Henderson R, Stricker S, Thompson P. Cooperative programming leading to enhanced clinical skills of Indonesian pharmacists [Internet]. Vol. 35, Pharmacotherapy. 2015. p. e230.
12. International Pharmaceutical Federation. Global Vision for a Global Pharmaceutical Workforce by Advancing Practice and Science through Transformative Education for Better Health care: “The FIP Vision for Education and Workforce”. Nanjing Declaration.. FIP education and workforce Publications. 2016.
13. Setiadi AP, Wibowo Y, Irawati S, Setiawan E, Presley B, Gudka S, et al. Indonesian pharmacists’ and pharmacy students’ attitudes towards collaboration with physicians. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017;15(4).
14. Ikatan Apoteker Indonesia. Standar Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia. Standar Kompetensi Apot Indones. 2016;1–56.
15. Supardi S, Susyanti AL. Kebijakan penempatan apoteker di puskesmas. Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat. 2012;(15):133–42.
16. Purwanti A, Supardi S. Gambaran Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Farmasi Di Apotek Dki Jakarta Tahun 2003. Maj Ilmu Kefarmasian. 2004;I(2):102–15.
17. Sudibyo Supardi, Rini Sasanti Handayani, Raharni, M.l Herman, Andi Leny Susyanty. Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian Di Apotek Dan Kebutuhan Pelatihan Bagi Apotekernya. Bul Penelit Kesehat. 2011;39(3):138–44.
18. Andayani TM, Satibi S. Chapter 3 – Pharmacy Practice in Indonesia. In: Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries. 2016. p. 41–56.
19. Widayati A, Virginia DM, Heru CS, Fenty F, Donowati MW, Christasani PD, et al. Pharmacists’ views on the development of asthma pharmaceutical care model in Indonesia: a needs analysis study. Res Soc Adm Pharm. 2018;14:1172–9.
20. Puspitasari HP, Aslani P, Krass I. Challenges in the management of chronic noncommunicable diseases by Indonesian community pharmacists. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2015;13(3):578.
21. Wibowo Y, Sunderland B, Hughes J. Pharmacist and physician perspectives on diabetes service delivery within community pharmacies in Indonesia: A qualitative study. Int J Pharm Pract. 2016;24(3):180–8.
22. Marfo AFA, Owusu-Daaku FT. Exploring the extended role of the community pharmacist in improving blood pressure control among hypertensive patients in a developing setting. J Pharm Policy Pract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice; 2017;10(1):1–9.
23. Verma RK, Paraidathathu T, Taha NA, Chong WW. Perceptions of the Malaysian general public on community pharmacy-based weight management services. J Pharm Policy Pract. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice; 2018;11(1):17.
24. Bose S, Oliveras E, Edson WN. How Can Self-Assessment Improve the Quality of Healthcare. Qual Assur Proj. 2001;(4).
25. Kim Y., Putjuk F, Basuki E, Kols A. Self-assessment and peer review: improving Indonesian service providers’ communication with clients. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2000;26(1):4–12.
26. KEMENKES RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. Kemenkes RI. 2013. 1-5 p.
27. Humaidi I. INFOBPJS Kesehatan. 2014;XI:1–12.
28. Wall S, Hakimi M, Sari F, Dewi T, Weinehall L, Nichter M, et al. How is Indonesia coping with its epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases ? A systematic review with meta-analysis. 2017. 1-31 p.
29. Collins D, Hafidz F, Mustikawati D. The economic burden of tuberculosis in Indonesia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017;21(9):1041–1048.
30. Departemen Kesehatan RI. Pharmaceutical care untuk Asma. Direktorat Bina Farmasi Komunitas Dan Klinik Ditjen Bina Kefarmasian Dan Alat Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan 2006. 2007.
31. Alomi YA, Zahran R. Self-Assessment of mass gathering (Hajj) pharmaceutical care program in Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Pract Community Med. 2016;2(24):137–43.
32. Hajj MS El, AL-Saeed HS, Khaja M. Qatar pharmacists’ understanding, attitudes, practice and perceived barriers related to providing pharmaceutical care. Int J Clin Pharm. 2016;38(2):330–43.
33. Hermansyah A, Sukorini AI, Setiawan CD, Priyandani Y. The conflicts between professional and non-professional work of community pharmacists in Indonesia [Conflictos Entre el Trabajo Profesional y no Profesional de los Farmaceacute;uticos Comunitarios en Indonesia]. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2012;10(1):33–9.
34. Giam JA, McLachlan AJ, Krass I. Community pharmacy compounding-impact on professional status. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33(2):177–82.
35. Alfian SD, Sinuraya RK, Kautsar AP, Abdulah R. Consumer expectation on service quality provide by pharmacist in self medication practices and its associated factors in Bandung, Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2016;47(6):1379–84.
36. Kristina SA, Thavorncharoensap M, Pongcharoensuk P, Prabandari YS. Impact of smoking cessation training for community pharmacists in Indonesia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(8):3319–23.
37. Ari Kristina S, Thavorncharoensap M, Pongcharoensuk P, Montakantikul P, Suansanae T, Prabandari YS. Effectiveness of tobacco education for pharmacy students in Indonesia. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(24):10783–6.
38. AHDI. Healthcare Documentation Quality Assessment and Management. 2011. Available from: www.ahdionline.org (accessed date: 13 September 2018)
39. ASHP. ASHP guidelines on documenting pharmaceutical care in patient medical records. Am J Heal Pharm. 2003;(60):705–7.
40. Schulz M, Van Mil JWF. A Review of Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacy in Europe. Harvard Heal Policy Rev. 2006;7(1):155–68.
Diterbitkan
2023-01-13
Bagian
Articles
